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Laureano de Torres y Ayala (1645–1722), Marquis of Casa Torres and Knight of Santiago, was a Spanish soldier and Royal governor of La Florida (1693–1699) and of Cuba (1707–1711 and 1713–1716). During his government in Florida, ended the reconstruction of Castillo de San Marcos. == Biography == Laureano José de Torres Ayala a Duadros Castellanos was born in Seville, Spain, in 1645,〔(Laureano de TORRES AYALA Y QUADROS, I marqués de Casa Torres. ). Written by Darrin Lythgoe 2001-2015.〕 but he grew up in Madrid, Spain, where his parents settled when he was still a small child. Ayala came from a noble family,〔(Newspaper De Cuba Genealogy Club of Miami. Del Pasado – Por el Conde San Juan de Jaruco. El Hospital de San Lázaro de La Habana ), March 23, 1947.〕 being the son of Tomás de Torres y Ayala and Elvira de Quadros Castellanos.〔 His father was a judge in Seville in 1649 and mayor, governor and Captain General of Mérida and La Grita (in Venezuela). He had three brothers: Pedro Ignacio, Cristóbal and Diego Torres Ayala y Quadros. In his youth he joined the Spanish army.〔 In June 1693, he was in a Spanish expedition in Florida, which passed for Okaloosa County〔(Florida Counties ). Tallahassee: State of Florida, Dept. of Agriculture, N. Mayo, commissioner. 1944.〕 and the Chipola at the Natural Bridge Spring. So, he was (one of) the first European(s) to have crossed West Florida overland. On the 21st of September, 1693, Torres y Ayala was appointed Governor of Spanish Florida, replacing Diego de Quiroga y Losada.〔 Cahoon, Ben. (U.S. States F-K ).〕 Like the previous governors, Torres y Ayala worked in the construction of the Castillo de San Marcos, which it was completed in 1695. However, the San Carlos de los Chacatos mission was attacked by Alibamu Amerindian warriors in 1696.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jackson County, Florida Historic Sites and Research:San Carlos de Chacatos )〕 In addition, in 1698, was founded the first European settlement (Presidio Santa Maria de Galve) and the first fort (Fort San Carlos de Austria) at the site of Pensacola.〔"Fort Barrancas" (History), National Park Service, 2006, ''nps.gov'' webpage: (NPSft ).〕 He held the post of governor of Florida until 1699, when he returned to Spain, being replaced by José de Zúñiga y la Cerda.〔 Between 1704 and 1707 Ayala participated in the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. 〔( The Spanish at Florida Caverns State Park. A Legacy of Soldiers and Priests ). Posted by Dale Cox.〕 On January 18, 1708, Ayala was appointed Governor General of Cuba,〔 mainly working at Fort Havana. In Cuba, Ayala principally concerned himself with its economic problems. A Spanish officer and landowner, Orri, had thought of the possibility of a local project to sell snuff tobacco for the government of Cuba. This would eliminate the tax evasion problems. Ayala, who was facing with the local 'snuff speculators' - those who sold it to Spain and other parts of America bypassing customs duties –, felt that the idea was immensely beneficial to Spain, so he gave to plan his full support. The business was successful, monopolizing snuff, so which he was appointed Marquis de Casa-Torre, notwithstanding their grave disputes with Lieutenant - auditor Jose Fernandez de Córdoba. 〔Fletcher Johnson, Willis (1920). (The History of Cuba (Complete) ).〕 However, he could only maintain his governor position until February 18, 1711,〔 when the auditor Pablo Cavera〔 imprisoned him in the Cuban fortress of El Morro, sending King Philip V an indictment of corruption against the governor after investigation of its administration.〔〔 Two years later, Ayala was acquitted and on February 14, 1713, he was reinstated as Governor of Cuba. His second period of rule was to be of relative peace: he founded several charities, like La Casa de la Beneficiencia, and a home for beggars.〔 On June 9, 1714, he ordered the construction of a hospital for lepers in Havana; after collecting several large donations, he began construction of the Hospital de San Lazaro and its temple in a plot located near the city. In addition, he founded the city of Santiago del Bejucal. The snuff industry came into swing, and the tobacco plant began to be widely cultivated in the district."Vuelta Abajo". 〔 Ayala died in 1722 in Havana, Cuba.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laureano de Torres y Ayala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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